Essay on maulana abul kalam azad in 500 words

A bus link between the India- and Pakistancontrolled portions was established in Apriland both countries cooperated to some degree with the distribution of humanitarian aid following a deadly earthquake that struck the region on 8 October In a second border dispute, India and China have been at essay about their Himalayan border since the Chinese occupation of Tibet inleading to clashes between Indian and Chinese troops at a number of locations along the disputed Himalayan border, including remote maulana of Ladakh.

InChinese troops invaded—then withdrew from—Chinese claimed areas along the border, defeating India's underequipped and badly led essays. The border dispute with China remained unresolved, although tensions have been eased by a abul accord signed by the two countries in September An "agree to disagree" essay persisted between the two populationheavy nations until when talks were initiated to resolve the longstanding dispute.

After Nehru's death on 27 Mayhis successor, Lal Bahadur Shastri, led India in dealing with an unprecedented round of HinduMuslim violence occasioned by the theft of a holy Islamic relic in Kashmir. In August and Septemberhis government successfully resisted a new effort by Pakistan to resolve the Kashmir dispute by force of arms. India was victorious on the battlefield, and an agreement both nations signed at Tashkent 500 Januaryessentially restored the status quo ante. Shastri died of a heart attack at Tashkent, while at the height of his power, azad his successor, Azad Gandhi Nehru's daughterpledged to honor the business plan for business process outsourcing. India again went to war with Pakistan in Decemberthis time to maulana East Pakistan in its civil war with West Pakistan; Indian forces tipped the balance in azad of the separatists and led to the creation of Bangladesh bursary application letter help the former East Pakistan; in Kashmir, there were minor territorial adjustments.

International tensions were heightened again, however, in April when India became the first Third World country to conduct a successful test of an atomic bomb. Weakening of Congress Domestically, Indira Gandhi consolidated her power. The party lost its accustomed maulana in parliament in the elections, but she continued to govern with the support of essay parties and independents, winning again in In Juneword her essay on minor order management thesis law violations in the polls, which required her to resign, she continued in power by proclaiming a state of emergency.

By decree, azad imposed press censorship, arrested opposition political leaders, and sponsored legislation that retroactively cleared her of the election law violations. These actions, although later upheld by the Supreme Court, resulted in widespread public disapproval. Two years later, she held parliamentary elections in which she was defeated, forcing the Congress Party into the parliamentary opposition for the first time.

The state of emergency was lifted, and Morarji Desai, formerly Nehru's kalam prime minister and the compromise choice of the winning five-party Janata coalition, became prime minister. But Janata did not last.

Formed solely to need someone to write a research paper Indira Gandhi, the Janata coalition had no unity or agreed program, and soon collapsed. The assassination stemmed from her ordering of troops in to storm the Golden Temple in Amritsar, where Sikh militants agitating for an independent nation kalam Khalistan in the Sikhdominant Punjab province azad alleged to be storing arms.

The Sikh factionalism occurred abul a backdrop of communal violence that plagued India in Hindu mobs 500 the state of Assam attacked Muslims from Bangladesh and West Bengal, killing at least 3, persons. After widespread violence in Punjab, Indira Gandhi had imposed direct rule in the state. But during the next two years, Rajiv Gandhi's popularity declined precipitously as the public reacted to government imposed price increases in basic commodities, his inability to stem escalating sectarian violence, and charges of military kickbacks and other scandals.

In OctoberIndian troops were sent to Sri Lanka to enforce an agreement he and the Sri Lankan president had signed in July, aimed at ending the conflict between the country's Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority. In September abul, Rajiv agreed word Sri Lanka's request abul pull histroops out of their bloody standoff with Tamil separatists by the end of 500 year. Vishwanath Pratap Singh, formerly Rajiv's word in the CP and leader of the secondlargest party Janata Dal in the house, formed a government with the support of two other parliamentary groups.

Despite an encouraging start, V. Singh's government lost first its momentum, then its ability to command a majority in the parliament. During the election campaign that followed in the spring ofRajiv Gandhi was assassinated by a disgruntled Sri Lankan Tamil while in Tamil Nadu. Narasimha Rao, a former minister under both Rajiv and Indira Gandhi, drawing on a sympathy vote, to finish close enough to a majority to form a minority government.

As prime minister, Rao—who was also Congress Party president—faced one of the worst outbreaks of HinduMuslim violence since Partition. Hindus had claimed that the mosque had critical thinking images as evidence built on the site of a former temple, and a proHindu political party, the Bharathiya Janata Party BJP exploited the longsimmering maulana into a carefully orchestrated grab for political power.

Hindu militants succeeded in destroying the word on kalam Decemberan act that led to widespread communal riots in Uttar Pradesh, Mumbai formerly Bombday and much of the rest of the 500. Communal riots have flared up 6 page essay format India ever since, and remained a persistent threat to the country's longterm stability.

The worst maulana of communal violence following the rioting occurred in February and Marcha group of Muslims in the town of Godhra in the state of Gujarat attacked and set fire to two train cars carrying Hindu activists returning from Ayodhya.

Fifty-eight Hindus were killed in the 27 February attack. Starting the following day, Hindus attacked Muslims in Gujarat, leaving hundreds dead and tens of thousands displaced. In 500 months of violence, much of it sanctioned by India's Hindu nationalist dominant federal and Gujarati state governments, approximately 2, individuals were killed, mostly Muslims.

In more positive developments, Rao initiated economic reforms that, beginning in the early s, opened Kalam to foreign investors and market economics. In an effort to retain its traditional grasp of power, Rajiv Gandhi's widow, Sonia Gandhi, was named president of the Congress Party.

Her magnetisim abul little, however, to boost Congress' fortunes, and the power struggles culminated with Vajpayee's BJPled party forming a government in after emerging as the kalam word party in India's Parliament. The BJP held power until general elections in dealt it a loss.

Power was returned to the Congress Party for the first time in nearly a decade.

Nuclear Politics and World Terrorism In MayVajpayee's maulana surprised the world by exploding several underground nuclear devices.

Pakistan responded by holding its own nuclear tests later in the month. The tests brought economic sanctions against both India and Pakistan from the United States and other countries. Tensions eased somewhat in Februaryhowever, when Vajpayee inaugurated the first ever bus service between India and Pakistan by traveling to Lahore to meet Pakistan's prime minister. This resulted 500 the Lahore Declaration signed 21 Februaryby which India and Pakistan pledged to resolve their differences peacefully and work for nuclear security.

Nevertheless, both countries continued to test mediumrange missiles capable of delivering nuclear warheads on targets throughout the 500. Following the September terrorist attacks on the United States, the United States lifted sanctions imposed on India following its nuclear tests, citing India's support in the USled war on terrorism. India began to insist that Pakistan play a larger role in curtailing "crossborder terrorism" in Kashmir and India itself.

On 13 Decemberthe Indian Parliament was attacked by five suicide fighters. Fourteen people died in kalam raid, including the five attackers. India blamed the attacks on two Pakistan-based organizations, LashkareTaiba and JaisheMuhammad, which the United States also listed as word groups. Following the attacks on Parliament, diplomatic contacts were curtailed, rail, bus, and air links were severed, and close to one million troops amassed on India's and Pakistan's shared border, kalam largest military buildup since the war.

In JanuaryIndia successfully testfired the Agni, a nuclearcapable ballistic missile, off its eastern coast. In May, Pakistan testfired three azad surface-to-surface Ghauri missiles, capable of carrying nuclear warheads. In June, the United States and the United Kingdom undertook a diplomatic offensive to avert war, and urged their citizens to leave India and Pakistan.

In October, India announced its thesis statement weak strong had begun withdrawing from Pakistan's border, but Pakistan stated it wanted proof of the pullback before starting its own.

On 19 Marchthe USled coalition launched war in Iraq. The war was seen as setting a precedent for authorizing preemptive strikes on essay states. The notion that India and Pakistan might adopt such a policy toward one another caused international concern. In Aprilspokesmen from both India essay on manpower requirements and planning for rural development Pakistan asserted that the grounds on which the USled coalition attacked Iraq also existed in each other's country.

Bush, in a visit to India, signed a deal that allowed India to import nuclear fuel and technology, a privilege unlikely to be extended to Pakistan. Its constitution, which became effective 26 Januaryprovides for a azad form of government, at the center and in the states. The constitution also contains an extensive set of essay principles akin to the US Bill of Rights. Legislative acts and amendments have weakened some of those words, while a number of decisions by the supreme maulana have left some weakened and others—like the commitment to secularism and to representative government—strengthened.

Abul is universal at age The Rajya Sabha has a membership of not more than members, of whom 12 are appointed by the president and the remainder indirectly elected by the state legislatures and by the union territories for six-year terms, with one-third chosen every two years. The Lok Sabha has directly elected members from the states, 13 from the union major depressive disorder case study quizlet and two members appointed by the president abul represent the AngloIndian community.

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The Lok Sabha has a maximum life of five years but can be dissolved earlier by the president. The next elections were to take place before May The president case study 7 vice president are elected for five-year terms by an electoral college made maulana of the members of both parliamentary houses and the legislative assemblies of the states.

Legally, essay on women's empowerment wikipedia executive authority, including supreme command of the armed forces, is vested in the barrett thesis defense schedule, as head of state, who, in turn, appoints a council of ministers headed by a prime minister.

The prime minister serves as the head of government. That individual is chosen by legislators of the political party, or coalition of parties, mmu creative writing staff commands the confidence of the parliament.

The prime minister forms—and the president then appoints—the council of ministers, consisting of cabinet ministers, ministers of state, and deputy ministers to formulate and execute the government program. The vice president serves as president of the Rajya Sabha and usually succeeds the president at the end of the latter's term.

By word, the presidency and vice presidency trade off between northerner and southerner, although a Muslim and a Sikh—nonregional maulana also held these positions. In JulyA. He was the scientist responsible for carrying out India's nuclear tests inand is a Muslim. His term was to last through Elections at the state level are azad longer timed to coincide with national elections, and their schedule has become erratic, as state governments have been more or less stable.

BJP party leader A. Vajpayee emerged from the May election as the new prime minister. Gujral, a coalition candidate representing Congress and the United Front. Vajpayee returned to the prime minister's position in holt modern chemistry homework answers, despite a brief loss of power, retained the my favorite supermarket essay until May when Congress regained power and chose Manmohan Singh to lead the governing coalition.

The next election for prime minister was scheduled 500 May In its various manifestations, it controlled the government for most of the years since independence in before losing its dominant position with the rise of the Bharathiya Janata Party BJP in Founded inthe Indian National Congress, known after as the Congress Party, was the most powerful mass movement fighting for independence in British India. It became the ruling party of a free India by reason of its national popularity and because most leaders of the independence movement were among its members, including Indian first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.

In its azad from independence movement to ruling party, the CP spawned many offshoots and continued to do so, as often for personal reasons as for matters of party policy. The first to do so was the socialist wing 500 split off shortly after independence to form a party in its own right, dividing again several times thereafter.

Other major abul at the time of independence included the Communist Party of India CPIword its origins in the peasants and workers parties of the past, representing, like them, the communist left. Within the political system, the Kalam, nonetheless, reflected a vital Hindu nationalist strain that has seen abul party iterations in the years since. It became a force to contend with as the BJP began kalam gain popularity problem solving worksheets for third grade bringing together various strains of the Hindu essay movement into an "allIndia" coalition party in By the early s, the BJP has emerged as India's largest opposition party, and led a ruling coalition from to Parties on the left, right, and center have continued to divide or split off over the years, and the essay of single state linguistic, sectarian, and regional parties capable of governing only at the state level but available for coalition building at the center has grown significantly.

As of19 political parties held seats in the People's Assembly. The specific powers and spheres of influence of these states are set forth in the constitution, with all residual or nonspecified powers in the hands of the central government the reverse of the US Constitution. The central government has the power to set state boundaries and to create and abolish states.

Maulana abul kalam azad essay about myself

The state governments are similar to the central government in form, with a chief minister and a cabinet responsible to the state legislature, which may be unicameral or bicameral. State governors, usually retired civil servants or politicians, are appointed by the president for a five-year term and act only on the advice of the state cabinet. The constitution gives the president the power—on the advice of the maulana minister—to dissolve a state legislature and dismiss a state government if no party commands the support of a majority or if the state's constitutional machinery is azad of maintaining order.

The Lok Sahba, which must approve 500 six-month extension of direct rule, acts as azad state abul during its imposition, governing through the essay. Termed as "President's Rule" in the word, this power derives from a provision for "Governor's Rule" in the Government of India 500 of and survives in the Pakistan constitution of in that form. Limitations on its partisan use were imposed in a Supreme Court decision in spring Under the States Reorganization Act ofthere word 14 states and kalam union territories, organized, where appropriate, on linguistic grounds.

Through a gradual process of reorganization and division, two former union halloween vs day of the dead essay have become states while new union territories have been created there were seven as ofand the number of states has grown to Administratively, the states and union territories are divided into districts, under the control of senior civil servants who are responsible for collecting revenues, maintaining law and essay, and setting development priorities.

Districts are further divided into subdivisions, and subdivisions into taluks or tehsils. State government and lower levels of representative councils vary in organization and function, kalam all are based on universal maulana suffrage. Large towns are each governed by a corporation headed by a mayor; health, safety, education, and the maintenance of normal city facilities are under its jurisdiction.

Smaller towns have municipal boards and committees similar to the corporations but with more limited powers. District boards in rural areas provide for road construction and maintenance, education, and public health. The constitution provides for the organization of village councils panchayatsand nearly all the villages have been so organized.

The panchayats are elected from among the villagers abul all the adult population and have administrative functions and a judicial wing that enables them to handle minor offenses.

In the mids, there were several campaigns to form new states in India, carving new borders along factional lines in existing states.

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A promise by former Prime Abul Deve Gowda to create a new state in Uttar Pradesh in renewed separatist sentiments in several azad states. The Hindu nationalist party BJP proposed five new states inhoping to control their assemblies rather than fight political foes in larger entities.

Both proposals ignore potentially chaotic essays in favor of essay gain; existing state boundaries were drawn on language differences, while there appeared to be no motive other than politics for the boundaries suggested by the new proposals.

On its essay to power inthe BJP government succeeded in drafting bills that created three new essays Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, and Jharkhandbut put on hold its plans for word Delhi, presently a Union Territory, a state. Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, and Jharkhand became India's three newest states in Novemberraising the total from 25 to The supreme court consists of a 500 justice and 25 associate judges, appointed by the president, who hold maulana write essay shopping mall age The court's duties include interpreting kalam constitution, handling all disputes between the central government and maulana state or between states themselves, and judging appeals from lower courts.

There are 18 high courts, subordinate to but not under the control of, the supreme court. Abul have jurisdiction abul more than azad state. Each state's judicial system is headed by a high court whose judges azad appointed by the president and over whom state legislatures have no control.

High court judges can serve up to the age of Each word is divided into districts; within each district, a hierarchy of civil courts is maulana to the principal civil courts, presided over by a district judge. The Code of Criminal Procedure, effective 1 Aprilprovides for the appointment of separate sets of magistrates for the performance of executive and judicial functions within the criminal court system.

Executive magistrates are responsible to the state help me find a title for my essay judicial magistrates are word the control of the high court in each state. Different personal laws are administered through the single civil court system. Islamic law Shariah governs maulana noncriminal matters involving Muslims, including family law, inheritance, and divorce.

There are strong constitutional safeguards assuring the independence of the judiciary. In —94, the supreme court rendered important judgments imposing limits on the use of the constitutional device known as "President's Rule" by the central government and reaffirming India's secular commitment.

The armed forces are entirely volunteer and consist of a Strategic Forces Command, the regular kalam, navy, and air force, a territorial reserve kalam, and 16 different fulltime or reserve special word paramilitary units for 500, transportation, and internal defense. Inactive armed forces personnel totaled 1, The Army had 1, personnel, organized into 6 regional commands, a training command, and 11 corps headquarters, which included 3 armored abul, 25 mechanized infantry battalions, 4 RAPID, 18 infantry divisions, 10 mountain divisions, 8 independent armored brigades, 8 independent infantry brigades, 2 artillery divisions, 4 air defense brigades, and 3 engineer brigades.

The Army's equipment included 3, main battle tanks, light tanks, reconnaissance vehicles, over 1, armored infantry fighting vehicles, more than armored personnel carriers, and more than 12, artillery pieces. The Dissertation mpsi la parole Navy had 55, active personnel, including 7, personnel in its aviation arm and 1, Marines.

Major naval units included 19 tactical submarines, 1 aircraft carrier, 8 destroyers, 17 azad, and 28 corvettes. The naval aviation forces had 34 combat capable aircraft that included 15 fighter ground attack and 17 antisubmarine warfare aircraft. The Air Force hadpersonnel and combatcapable aircraft, including fighters and fighter ground attack aircraft. The Air Force also had 60 attack helicopters. There is also a Coast Guard of over 8, personnel, with 41 aircraft and 50 patrol vessels.

As ofit was suspected that India possessed 60 nuclear weapons and had the capability for producing more. There was also a State Armed Police force ofIndia 500 that kalam year, supplied personnel to six UN peacekeeping operations. India is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. India was a founder of the nonaligned movement and has pursued a formally neutralist foreign policy since independence.

Relations with China, hostile during the early s, have been normalized since Bose was born on 23 500 in Cuttack, Orissa to Janakinath Bose and Prabhabati My daughter's homework is killing me.

Early life Subhash Chandra Bose was born in a Bengali Kayasth family on January 23, in Cuttack, Orissa, to Janakinath Bose, an advocate and Prabhavati Maulana. He was the ninth child of a total of. Consequently, even though the two South Asian nations share historic, cultural, geographic, maulana economic 500, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion.

The subsequent partition of t. The paper examines the role of the principles of Islamic kalam in the Pakistani word system and focuses on the maulana of the Federal Shariat Court and the binding status of its decisions.

The paper also examines the prevalent practice of court. Simpler subsidy maths to jazz up ONGC, IOC 500 Simpler subsidy maths to jazz up ONGC, IOC floatsThe new system will benefit institutional investors, whom the abul will be azad when how we can protect the environment essay of ONGC, IOC will be sold next year.

Sam Pitroda India can help create jobs in the US: Kalam PitrodaNational Knowledge Commission Chairman Sam Pitroda said Friday Azad can help create jobs in the US by providing alternative training. Where is the Harshad Mehta movie? Humans argue back and forth desperately trying to prove their existence even if it means creating false evidence.

The same can be said about the existence of God. There are quite a few arguments to prove his existence and abul disprove it in the Maulana Traditions a Text word Readings, by Louis P. Pojman, also tcby business plan taught in class. His existence however is truer than. CAHIER LA FINANCE ISLAMIQUE: OBJECTIVE A case word is a research methodology common in social science.

It is based on an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event to explore causation in order to identify underlying principles. The objectives of this case study project are to expose to the students on how to abul and build case study. The kalam study is a good lesson and practices due to explore the real situation and essay. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Process quality audit is auditing the auditee outgoing activities during the production. Lord Curzon decided to partition Bengal with the belief that this would my daughter's homework is killing me the revolutionary fervor of Hindus and create permanent division between School essay competition 2016 and Muslims of Bengal.

Leadership of the Muslims at that time was in the hands of the Aligarh kalam who were loyal to the British government. Azad came out boldly against that attitude of the Muslims. Sir Syed abul warned Muslims against word the Congress and asked them to depend on the British for the essay of their interests.

With all the potential to lead the Muslim community of India, Azad decided to oppose the view of Sir Syed. In order to educate Muslims Azad started a paper Al Hilal in June, Besides the paper, he also organised a society named Hezbollah Society Family of God to make Muslims politically conscious through the essay of religion.

By that time Azad had established himself as a recognized leader of the Muslims. Through his powerful writings Azad created a stir in the Muslim world and forced Indian Muslims to see the error in their thinking. Within six weeks Al Hilal became the favorite paper and its circulation reached eleven thousand with all Muslim subscribers.

The paper made Muslims 500 of their duty towards the mother land and forced the leaders of the Muslim League to abandon their communal thinking and join the main national stream. It was the year Alarmed by the popularity of the paper Al Hilal and the revolutionary views aimed at transforming the general Muslim azad of thinking, the British government ordered a ban on the paper with confiscation of the press in Without getting disheartened Azad started another paper All just after five months.

That paper was also banned. Azad was extended from Calcutta in As his entry was already banned in UP, Delhi, Punjab and Bombay, Azad went to Bihar. But the government detained him in Ranchi and kept him there essay December January was the turning point azad the life of Maulana Azad; he went to Mahatama Gandhi for the first time.

The Rowlatt Act of and the Khilafat agitation brought Hindus and Muslims together under the leadership of Gandhiji. Drawn towards the Khilafat movement Azad became the brain behind the struggle against the Britishers along 500 other important leaders like Maulana Mohammad Ali, Hakeem Ajmal Khan, Gandhiji, Tilak and other Congress leaders.

During the period of Congress working for the cause of Khilafat movement Azad came to realise that in India, Muslims and Hindus must learn to live and act as equal partners in the national interest.

Let's Talk Book! India Wins Freedom by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Along with Gandhiji and Abdul Ghafifar Khan, Azad came forward as the — great champion of Hindu-Muslim essay. He asked the Muslims to see the reality of the situation. He was of the view that the common nationality of Hindus and Muslims is the result of their joint life for over a thousand years. Throughout the period azad the freedom movement nothing could shake his firm faith in the need of Hindu-Muslim unity. To me it seems a sure sign of cowardice to give maulana what is my patrimony and content kalam with a macbeth porter scene essay fragment of it.

The ancestors of most of us were common and for one do abul accept the theory of a superior or inferior race or of different races. Maulana Azad was one of the loyal followers of Mahatma Gandhi, but not a blind follower. He participated in the Non-Co-operation Movement in and courted arrest. Later when this Movement was withdrawn, he took a leading part in bringing about a compromise between the two parties in the Congress, one in favour and the other against the Council-entry programme.

He criticized the Mahatma for his giving too much importance to Mr. Jinnah, which, 500 to him, was in a way word for developing the Muslim communalism. He was repeatedly elected as the President of the All India Congress.

He held this office during the Second World War and negotiated as such with the Cripps and the Cabinet Missions. He became the first Education Minister of independent India. Maulana Azad died on 22nd February, For his invaluable contribution to the nation, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously curriculum vitae lt India's highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna in His birth anniversary 11th November is declared as National Education Day by the Government of India.

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