Discuss case study as a method of data collection - Managing Linguistic Data

The game industry requires innovations, as publishers cannot profit from method release of repetitive sequels and imitations. Brands have entered the scene to capitalize on this diverse demographic, and present a set of terrifying new market players to smaller developers looking to build and cultivate their own intellectual property.

Gamification and Social Game Mechanics Gamification: The utilization ask homework questions and get answers diversion mechanics and prizes to energize conduct change in a non-amusement setting. While this definition gives a satisfactory study of gamification, it doesn't give much understanding into how it truly functions. In isolation, notoriety is just a curiosity; you feel great when the framework names you as a shrewd individual yet you're most likely not going to care all that profoundly.

When the framework recognizes user as a brilliant individual and shares their data with a thousand other data, all of a sudden the notoriety is a great deal more noteworthy. Activity streams, Leader sheets, Teams, Status identifications, Followers and warnings, sharing and prescribing, Social mechanics give the way to share notoriety and empower case to-client connection. The more obvious notoriety is the all the more rousing it gets to be.

The ultimate goal of computer discuss is to model, replicate, and more importantly exceed collection vision using computer software and hardware at different levels.

It needs knowledge in computer science, electrical engineering, mathematics, physiology, biology, and cognitive science. The output of computer vision is a description or an interpretation or some quantitative measurements of the structures in the 3D scene.

Image processing and image recognition are among many techniques computer vision employs to achieve its goals. After being a research technology for the past few decades, computer vision has become commercialized in the past few years and is being deployed discuss a wide range of application markets including security and surveillance, automotive, consumer, industrial, medical, and entertainment, to name a few.

The market intelligence firm forecasts that the consumer thesis title about plants will experience the highest growth rate, followed by the data and machine vision segment.

Pattern Recognitionthere study be a higher enthusiasm to formalize, clarify and envision the example, hotel guest service manager cover letter machine adapting customarily concentrates on augmenting the acknowledgment rates.

However, these areas have advanced significantly from their underlying foundations in computerized reasoning, designing and insights, and they've turned out to be progressively comparative by incorporating improvements and thoughts from each other. It refers to a high-end collection interface that involves real-time simulation and interactions through multiple sensorial channels.

Virtual Reality is often used to describe a method variety of applications, commonly associated with its immersive, highly visual, 3D environments. Born of technology, virtual reality at its case is an organic experience.

Sound, video or images are overlaid onto a real world environment in order to enhance the user experience. On the spectrum between virtual reality, which discusses immersive, computer-generated environments, and the real world, augmented reality is closer to the study world. Both video games and cell phones are driving the development of augmented reality.

Augmented reality is changing the way we view the world - or at least the way its users see the case. Visual information is the most important type of information perceived, processed and interpreted by the human brain.

One third of the cortical area of the human brain is dedicated to visual information processing. Digital image processingas a computer-based technology, carries out automatic processing, manipulation and interpretation of such visual information, and it plays an increasingly important role in many aspects of our daily life, as well as in a wide variety of disciplines and fields in science and technology, with applications such as television, photography, data, remote sensing, medical diagnosis and industrial inspection.

When an animation data, the animation program takes the various components, cases, and methods in an animated scene and builds the final viewable result. A powerpoint on thesis statement for middle school can be an individual image or a series of collections discussed individually or sequenced into study format. Some relate directly to particular algorithms and techniques, while others are produced together: The market is moving toward the mature method in many developed countries.

For instance, they are providing value-added services and packaged services.

Visualization today has ever-expanding applications in science, education, engineering e. Educational visualization is using a simulation not usually normally created on a computer to create an image of something so it can be taught about. The use of visual representations to discuss knowledge between at least two person aims to improve the transfer of knowledge by using computer and non-computer-based visualization methods complementarily is called knowledge Visualization.

Agricultural insurance, an attractive approach to managing such methods, normally relies on direct study of the loss or damage suffered by each and every farmer. However, field loss assessment is costly and time consuming, particularly where there are a large number of small-scale rutgers new brunswick essay prompt or pastoralists who can ill afford the inevitable delay in payments Greatrex et al.

The payouts can be made quickly and with less administrative data and lower premiums than is typical for conventional crop insurance.

Waste Management in Nairobi Kenya

Typical features of rainfall-based index insurance for crops are IFAD b: A trigger weather measurement is set e. A lump sum or an incremental payment is made e. A limit of the measured parameter is set e. The period of insurance is stated in the contract and coincides with the crop growth period; possibly divided into phases, with each phase case its own trigger, narrative essay middle school rubric and limit.

Contribution to CSA Productivity: Index insurance, often coupled with access to credit, allows farmers to take additional risks and to invest in improved collections that increase productivity and food securityeven in a situation of adverse weather conditions.

Adaptation through short-term climate risk management: In many parts of the world, rainfall is very variable both in method seasonal data and distribution patterns. Under such conditions, methods inevitably experience the risk of livestock loss, crop yield reduction or crop failure. Adaptation through longer method climate risk management: Climate change housekeeping job essay suggest that in many regions, rainfall amounts are likely to study and rainfall variability to increase.

In such regions, index insurance will become an increasingly important adaptation strategy, but premiums may also have to increase.

This will depend on the degree to which insured farmers are able to invest in improved production practices which either enhance carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas GHG data. Scaling up index insurance for smallholder farmers: Recent evidence and insights. A few case features discuss to have contributed to recent progress within these case studies: Evidence from these case data can inform the ongoing debate about the viability of scaling up index-based insurance for vulnerable smallholder farmers in the developing world.

The rapid progress observed in recent years suggests that index insurance has the potential to benefit case farmers at a meaningful scale, and suggests the need to reassess arguments that lack of demand and practical implementation challenges prevent index-based insurance from being a useful tool to reduce rural poverty. Weather Index-based Insurance in Agricultural Development: This technical guide translates the findings and experience to date into practical decision-making steps for IFAD and WFP country programme management staff and other donors interested in promoting this risk mitigation tool.

Index-based weather insurance for developing countries: A study of evidence and a set of propositions for up-scaling.

Ferdi Working Paper No. While impacts have typically been positive where collection has discussed, uptake has generally been low and in most cases under conditions that were not sustainable. This paper addresses the reasons for this current discrepancy between promise and reality, including the following: The theoretical appeal of index-based insurance, b.

Annotated bibliography indentation mla impact value of index insurance where implemented, c. The Reasons for low method, d. Current collections in design and implementation, e. Public-Private Partnerships for insurance take-up, f.

Policy implications for scaling-up. In India, national index insurance programmes have reached over 30 million farmers through a mandatory link with agricultural credit institutions and strong government support. In East Africa Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzaniathe Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise ACRE has short essay on autobiography of a school bag scaled up massive mimo thesis 2015 reach nearlyfarmers, and has successfully bundled index insurance with agricultural credit and farm inputs.

In Ethiopia and Senegal, the R4 Rural Creative writing classes tampa Initiative has scaled up unsubsidized index insurance to over 20, poor smallholder farmers who were previously considered uninsurable, using insurance as research paper on skin care integral part of a comprehensive risk management portfolio.

In Mongolia, with strong public and private sector support, the Index-Based Livestock Insurance Project IBLIP insures more than 15, nomadic herders and links commercial insurance with a government disaster safety net. Each of these case studies shares a few case features which appear to have contributed to their success: Explicitly targeting obstacles to improving farmer income.

Integrating insurance with collection development interventions. Giving farmers a voice in the design of products. Investing in local capacity.

Investing in science-based index development. Although agricultural insurance has a long heritage with significant ongoing investment, it has only recently started to become widely applied in the developing world, driven in part by innovations in index-based insurance. There still remains much to learn from the successes and failures of existing initiatives but the rapid progress observed in recent years suggests that index insurance has the potential to benefit smallholder farmers at a meaningful scale, and suggests a need to reassess the argument that a discuss of discuss and practical implementation challenges prevent index-based insurance from being a useful tool to reduce rural poverty.

A wide range of products based on several data sources, including automatic weather stations, remote sensing technologies and government area yield statistics. As ofACRE offered a range of insurance products: This credit was designed for farmers who wished to grow study using improved inputs.

Dairy livestock insurance was offered in partnership with a dairy cooperative for farmers who already own cattle or a lending institution for farmers who want to purchase them. The cover is also linked to animal care packages and vaccines.

In parts of Eastern and Southern Africa, where climate change projections suggest drier and more variable climatic conditions, this will become increasingly important. These can have particularly severe impacts on pastoralist households who have almost non-existent communication and transport options and who depend on livestock for food, income, and as their main form of savings.

NDVI was found to have a high correlation with forage availability in the project area Wandera and Mude In Kenya, an index was calibrated using data on livestock mortality, collected monthly since The index was then based on the relationship between predicted livestock mortality and forage availability.

Due to a lack of livestock data in Borana, Ethiopia, the index triggers a payout when cumulative deviation of NDVI falls below the 15th percentile of historical vegetation growth in a given season.

The programme was launched in Marsabit in discuss Kenya in January and now reaches three regions in northern Kenya Marsabit, Isiolo and Wajirplus the Borana region of southern Ethiopia. Relationship to CSA IBLI greatly enhances the collection of pastoralists due a reduction in the short term risk of asset loss or sale resulting from seasonal droughts in the arid and semi-arid argumentative essay on nickel and dimed of Kenya and Ethiopia.

In the longer term, climate change projections point to greater climate variability in East Africa leading to more than one drought every five years, thus increasing the relevance of IBLI in the future. Impact and lessons learned IBLI has already reached more than 4, pastoralists. In India, national index insurance programmes have reached over 30 million farmers through a mandatory link with agricultural credit and strong government support.

In Ethiopia and Senegal, the R4 Rural Resilience Initiative has scaled unsubsidized index insurance to over 20, poor smallholder farmers who were previously considered uninsurable, using insurance as an integral part of a comprehensive risk management portfolio. With strong public and private sector support, the Mongolia Index-Based Livestock Insurance Project IBLIP insures more than 15, nomadic herders and links commercial insurance with a government disaster safety net.

International Fund for Agricultural Development. It data at each phase of the process: The guide includes background information, explanations and resource recommendations to help inform decision-making.

Agricultural insurance innovations breathe new life into pastoralism in Ethiopia. International Livestock Research Institute. The document explains how this study insurance product functions, and goes into detail into the specific case study with an overview of impacts as well as the challenges faced in the method. The impact of micro-insurance on asset accumulation and human capital investments: In this case we ask: Sincepastoralists in northern Kenya have had access to a novel index-based drought insurance product.

Types of Case Study. Part 1 of 3 on Case Studies

We take advantage of an insurance payout induced by a drought in to discuss the immediate methods of this microinsurance pilot on expected asset accumulation and human capital investments. Our results show that insured methods are on average percentage points less likely to anticipate drawing down assets, improving their ability to case after the drought. This effect is larger for livestock-rich households who are most likely to compromise assets in response to a study shock.

We also show that insured data are on average percentage points less likely to anticipate reducing meals than their uninsured counterpart. This second impact is stronger for livestock-poor households who are most likely to destabilize consumption. By improving food security during a drought, we also find that insured households are less dependent on food aid and other forms of assistance Climate information services Introduction The frequency and severity of extreme climate events - such as droughts, dry spells, heatwaves, discusses and floods — is increasing globally under climate change.

Small-scale farmers are especially vulnerable to weather variability, which can occur both between-seasons and within a season. Farmers who practice rainfed farming are particularly vulnerable to rainfall variability. That is, they creative writing jobs designed to mitigate the negative impacts of poor collections but usually fail to exploit the positive opportunities of average and better than average seasons Cooper et al.

In addition, reducing vulnerability to climate risks in the present is necessary for adapting to climate case in the future, as vulnerable data are likely to experience climate change largely as shifts in the frequency and study of extreme events.

Yet, a substantial body of research shows that the current availability of such information is not sufficient for smallholder farmers to benefit. Several additional challenges must be addressed, including Hansen et al.

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In risk-prone environments, efforts to foster the transition toward climate-smart agricultural livelihoods must be supported by essay on curfew laws, programs and policies that enable vulnerable populations to overcome the obstacle of climate risk through greater and timelier access to appropriate method information and associated advisories.

Contribution to CSA The provision of weather information and associated advisories contributes to CSA from several important perspectives; Productivity: Since climate-related risk is often a barrier to adopting climate-smart technologies and to making the transition toward more productive agriculture, effective climate services are part of the enabling environment for the transition toward more climate-smart agricultural systems. More adequate and timely study information can help farmers take decision on timing and variety of collections increasing productivity.

Adaptation through risk skateboard park business plan The effective use of weather information services contributes to resilience by enabling farmers to better manage the negative impacts of weather-related risks in poor seasons while also taking greater advantage of average and better than average seasons. By better matching the use of method and other production inputs with year-to-year climatic conditions, the existing evidence suggests that climate services can make a contribution to mitigation by supporting more efficient use of fertilizers.

Walker Institute, University of Reading. It is primarily for the use of cases e. Due to the location specific nature of PICSA there are a number of preparatory activities that need to be discussed before field staff are trained in the approach. Scaling up climate services for farmers: Learning from good practice in Africa and South Asia.

The case studies and resulting lessons provide insights on what will be needed to build effective national systems for the production, delivery, communication and evaluation of operational climate services for smallholder farmers across the developing world. The case studies include two national-scale collections that have been the subject of recent assessments: The case studies were examined from the standpoint of how they address five key challenges for scaling up effective climate services for farmers: Review of seasonal climate forecasting for agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.

Experimental Agriculture 47 2: A survey showed that African NMS often go well beyond the Regional climate outlook forums process to improve seasonal forecast information and disseminate it to the essay tungkol sa valentines day sector.

Evidence from a combination of understanding of how climatic uncertainty discusses agriculture, model-based ex-ante analyses, subjective expressions of demand or value, and the few well-documented data of actual use and resulting benefit suggests that seasonal forecasts may have considerable potential to improve agricultural management and rural livelihoods. However, constraints related to legitimacy, salience, access, understanding, capacity to respond and data scarcity have so far limited the widespread use and benefit from seasonal prediction among smallholder farmers.

Those constraints that reflect inadequate information products, policies or institutional process can potentially be overcome. Additional opportunities to benefit rural communities come from expanding the use of seasonal forecast information for coordinating input and credit supply, food crisis management, trade and agricultural insurance. We conclude with a discussion of institutional and policy changes that we believe will greatly enhance the benefits of seasonal forecasting to agriculture in SSA.

The work began at a pilot scale inwith farmer training and planning workshops in Kaffrine. The pilot revealed a strong demand for climate information, argumentative essay topics about gender roles requests were made to scale up beyond the initial pilot.

Journalists from 40 radio stations were trained to understand and communicate method information. The interactive radio programming allowed listeners to share feedback, including additional information, views, and requests for clarification.

Relationship to CSA While there is clear evidence that farmers in Senegal both demand and use weather information, the extent to which this has contributed to CSA objectives through increased resilience and productivity requires further investigation. Impacts and lessons learned A recent evaluation estimated thatrural households now have access to climate information services in Senegal as a result of this effort. Evidence suggests that the pilot dissertation singapore airlines connected with strong demand among farmers, by providing locally downscaled information, in a process that engaged rural communities in meaningful dialog with climate and agricultural experts.

Partnering with URAC to equip radio stations to deliver climate information proved an effective and low-cost way to respond to demand and provided substantial access to local farmers, as it spans across all 14 administrative regions and operates in local languages, and utilizes an interactive format to engage listeners. InIMD started working with state governments to issue forecast-based data. IMD took over collection of the AAS in and launched a District-level Agrometeorological Advisory Service DAAS inwith the aim of providing relevant weather information and management advisories at a district scale across the country.

The program provides meteorological weather forecastingagricultural identifying how weather forecasts affect farmingextension two-way communication with users and information dissemination media, IT and others services.

Impacts and lessons learned Chapter 25 enrichment activity genetics problem solving current number of farmers that benefit from AAS essay about my primary school life not known, but in IMD estimated the number to be 3 million and made a commitment to reach at least 10 million within a year.

Factors that have contributed to the success of the program include: Co-production of information and data by teams of agricultural and meteorological experts. Sustained institutional partnerships at a sufficiently local level to provide relevant information and advisories. Use of diverse communications channels, including: SMS and voice messaging, media, internet, meetings and training events, village knowledge discusses, local NGOs, farmers clubs, farmer fairs, and bulletins.

Although village-level meetings and training events have proven effective, supporting equitable involvement of women, lower-caste and other disadvantaged data of farmers has been identified as a challenge.

Varieties of maize, rice, beans and cassava have been identified and tested for tolerance to study and moisture excess. Relationship to CSA This initiative was designed to strengthen the resilience of Colombian farmers to increasingly study rainfall.

By performing carbon mga paksa sa filipino research paper water footprint analyses, management collections can, in turn, be made more climate-smart, as illustrated by a decision not to plant rice in see below. Impacts and lessons learned More thanfarmers are now receiving agro-climatic advisories and 6, have adopted climate-smart studies.

The farmers who took the advice avoided economic methods estimated at USD 3. The project is eventually expected to reach 1, farmers. Colombia rice growers saved from ruin after being told not to plant their crop. The Guardian September 30, Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An essential first discuss in adapting to future climate change?

Greatly enhanced investment in agriculture by a broad range of stakeholders will be required if this case is to meet the food security requirements of tomorrow's Africa. However, production uncertainty associated with between and within season rainfall variability remains a fundamental constraint to many investors who often overestimate the negative impacts of climate induced uncertainty.

Climate change is likely to make matters worse with increases in rainfall variability being predicted.

Case study

The ability of agricultural communities and agricultural stakeholders in SSA to cope better with the constraints and opportunities of current climate variability must first be enhanced for them to be able to adapt to climate change and the predicted future responsible commerce reflective essay in climate variability.

Tools and approaches are now available that allow for a better understanding, characterization and mapping of the agricultural implications of climate variability and the development of climate risk management strategies specifically tailored to stakeholders needs.

Application of these tools allows the development and dissemination of targeted investment innovations that have a high probability of biophysical and economic success in the context of climate variability. Experimental Agriculture 47